Description
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) engineered to selectively target the inner mitochondrial membrane. It binds to cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid crucial for mitochondrial structure and function, stabilizing cristae architecture and enhancing electron transport chain efficiency.
Mechanism of Action
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Cardiolipin Stabilization: Preserves mitochondrial membrane structure and cristae organization
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Antioxidant Effects: Reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevents cytochrome c release
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Enhanced Bioenergetics: Improves ATP production and mitochondrial efficiency
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Cellular Protection: Reduces apoptosis and enhances resilience against oxidative stress
Dosage Guidelines (Research Use)
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Subcutaneous (SC) Injection: 2–10 mg per dose, 3 times weekly or daily, depending on protocol
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Intravenous (IV) Infusion: 0.01–0.25 mg/kg/h over a 4-hour period
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Cycle Length: Variable; research suggests careful monitoring for use beyond 4 weeks due to limited human studies
Important Notes
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Designed for research purposes only; not intended for human consumption
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Dosage and frequency may be adjusted based on experimental objectives and mitochondrial health outcomes
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Often studied in models of cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and metabolic dysfunction
Useful Information
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Class: Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide antioxidant
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Primary Research Focus: Mitochondrial protection, oxidative stress mitigation, energy metabolism enhancement






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