LL-37

LL-37 is a human antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with potent immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. Commonly used in research to study infection control, immune regulation, and tissue repair.

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For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal use or consumption. Not a drug, food, dietary supplement, or cosmetic. Not approved by the FDA for any medical use.

Description

LL-37 (LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES) is the only known human cathelicidin peptide, derived from the precursor hCAP-18. It plays a dual role in innate immunity by directly killing pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, biofilms) and modulating inflammatory responses, promoting tissue repair and wound healing.

Mechanism of Action

  • Binds to microbial membranes, causing pathogen disruption

  • Interacts with host receptors such as FPR2, TLR2, and P2X7, activating pathways for angiogenesis, epithelial repair, and immune cell recruitment

  • Supports skin defense, lung repair, chronic wound recovery, and systemic immune regulation

  • Can be combined with BPC-157 or KPV to enhance tissue repair while modulating inflammation

Dosage Guidelines (Research Use)

  • Antimicrobial Use: 1–2 mg daily, divided into 2–3 doses

  • Wound Healing: 0.5–1 mg applied directly to wound site once or twice daily

  • Chronic Condition Research: 100–200 µg daily to study immunomodulatory effects

  • Frequency & Cycle: Adjust based on experimental response and tolerance

Side Effects (Research Use)

  • Mild, transient symptoms may occur: flu-like feelings, skin flushing, temporary inflammation, brain fog, or fatigue

  • Symptoms are generally short-lived and indicate immune modulation rather than intolerance

  • Hydration, sleep, and gentle movement help support clearance of inflammatory byproducts

  • Gradual dose titration is recommended if symptoms persist

Useful Information

  • Class: Endogenous antimicrobial & immunomodulatory peptide

  • Category: Immune Support Peptides

  • Primary Research Focus: Pathogen control, immune modulation, wound healing, tissue repair

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